2.
   2024
/  
 ()
: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.   ?     ()     
2.   '   :
()  
() 
-
3. 
          484  
   ?
4.       
-
5.      ,       
2.
6.      -    
-
7.            
8.      
   2024
/  
 ()
: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.   ?     ()     
:  ?
           ""  ""  
            ,   
       ,        
       
2.
 17
-18
  -    -     
       ,   ,       
      
 :
  

 ()      
 , , -, -        
 
    '       :
1.  -  
2.  -  
  ,             
 
 ()  -   
             '  
                
    
1.   ()
      ,    '  , , 
         ,        
     
2.   
               :
  (   )
    (-)
  ()
         
3.   - ' 
2.
  :
       
-(    )    
             
4.     
   ,   -        
    :



 
           
5.    
               
  
  ,    '     
 ()  -   
     ,      ,   ,   

    
1.  
       ,    '      
           
2.    
      '  :
  
   
  
2.
      
3.    
      :
 
 
 (-) 
 
     ,     
 
4.     
   ,      :



             

 
5.  
  :
 ( )    
       
 ( )        
      (  )

 
 



 
, , 
, 

 
  

  
   
 
  

      
2.
            
:
      
        
        
              -   -
   ,        

      
;         
  
,          ,   

,  ,       
2.   '   :
()  
() 
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌-
      
 -  ,      
,                
       -     ,    
                 
󷙣󷙤󷙥()  

            : , , , , , , 
    (, , , , , , )       
          ,        ,   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             ,  
         
  -   "   , 
  "     
2.

 :            
 :           
 :       
 

  ,        : "   ,    ..."  
       
        

          
             
,   
 
      
 , 
    
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,               ,
               
󷙢() 


         ,      
       ""  ""       
         
:    ,      ,    
:    '   , ,     
:   '          
( )   (  )
:   ( )     ,  ,    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            
 ,   
         

          ,        
     ,  ,      
2.

      
 
       , 
      
  
     ,         
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,     
 -   '      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     

 


       
    

,   
 , ,  

, -
 , , 

,  
 ,     

   
   
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
 ,  
       , 
     
       :
    -   ,   
,   
     ,     ,
  
  ,  
          
 -
       
 
    
  

󽆪󽆫󽆬 
     ,       
  
   ,             ,  
    
       ,     
 
2.
-
3. 
          484  
   ?
:       ,     
 
  ,               
     484            
          --,  
     
-:     
   ,   
    (),   
'          ,        
     ,        
   ,            () , 
  
484    ,     
      
,      '    
   ? ( )
              :

     ()
, , , ,        ()
      
;       ,  
        
Pt      
.     :
2.
   7        

   - 5      
  ()   ()         
              
 1:      
  7  ,        :
5  ( )
6  ( )
7  ( )
 , 
           
 2:   -
    
 
 ()   ()  :
     
               (  )
 :
:      
:        
     ,          
 3:      
              
  :
   - 5    
 /       
2.
     '     (    , ' )
         ,         
    :
󷙢 
    :


 
 - ...     
    
?
     :
     
     ,   
     ,         
               - 
 
   -  
   :
 26 
    
 :
 7 
     484    
 ,     
 :   
2.
   ' 484   :
    

   '         
           
  ()   ()   
 
:    
             
    484        ,       
     
         :
   
    
    
 ,      
 -         󷙣󷙤󷙥
.
4.       
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌-
               
               
 -     
  ,     
    ,     
 ()         ,  
          
             - 
 ,            
󷙣󷙤󷙥1.  ( )
2.
          
          
   󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            , 
     
󷙣󷙤󷙥2.  ( )
                " "

 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,  :    ()    
󷙣󷙤󷙥3.  ( )
     -      
     " 

"󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,  :      ()   
󷙣󷙤󷙥4.  ( )
              -   ""  '  
    󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,  "" 
󷙣󷙤󷙥5.  (  )
   ""  -             

 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,  "" 
󷙣󷙤󷙥6.  ( )
       -       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,  :   ,   () 
󷙣󷙤󷙥7.  ( )
                 :
(5 )
(6 )
(7 )
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:     (5 )
󷙣󷙤󷙥8.  (-  )
      ,            
 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       
󷙣󷙤󷙥9.  ()
2.
  ',               ' 
     󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       ,   
     
󷙣󷙤󷙥10.  (  )
              󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
        ,           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
 ,     :
1.  ()
2.  ( )
3.  ( )
4.  ( )
5.  (  )
6.  ( )
7.  ( )
8.  (-  )
9.  ()
10.  ()
  ,                
  ,     ,        
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
         ,     
 ,         ,      ,
       ,          
,      
     ,     
    
   ,       
󽆪󽆫󽆬 
      
      
 -  
               
      
   ,  
     
    
2.
-
5.      ,       
:  - ,         
   ,           
 ,              
           ,    
       -- ,    -
    
   -
            ,  
                 
            , -
       
        ,          
  
            
  
:
: (     )
    ,    ()   ()  -  
     
     
                ()  
   
  
 ()
2.
  ()
  ()
  ()
  ()
   
 (R)
 ()
             
   ()
 ( ):
 .... '
 ( ):
' 
         ,     
  
 : ()
 :
            '      

  
    '  ,  12    3      
  ,        ,           
 
2.
  
     ()   :
 (  )
 ()
 ()
        ,     '     
  
 ( )
          
 Sa gmdm
              
     
    ( )
      -            
   
 :
 

... ....... '
 ,  -   ,      ,  ,
          
    
                   
  
2.
 1 (  ):
 ....... 
             
 2 ( ):
 ' 
                
 
    
     
      
  
,     
       
   ,   ,      
  

                 
        ,         
        
   , , 
             
   
2.
6.      -    
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌-
     ()  
 -   ()      
            , -  
  ,             
 ,                

 
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈  ?
-    ,         
             
      
    ()   ()      , 
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             ,  
    
󷙣󷙤󷙥 -

   " "  12     ,     
     
-     ,        
 12-             ,  
   

-  12  ()    : 3 + 3 + 3 + 3
     :
 1:  ()
 4:  ()
 7:  ()
 10:  ()
2.
       :     |     |     |  
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔              ,  
         ,     
   

 

-   '        ,   
          
  ,              
            ,   
   
󼾌󼾍󼾑󼾎󼾏󼾐 
  
  ,         
1.  ( )

         
           
    ,   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  -  12  ,  
   12  
 , 

  
2.  ( )

     
    , 
    
   
 
      ,     
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: -  12  , 12   , 
24      
  ,           
󷚆󷚇󷚈  
 ?
      
 
       
           - 
 ,       
 ,            
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           ,     
      ,   -    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
 ,  
    -    ,  
 
            :
-:      12-  , -   
   
:     ,    
:     ,    
  ,     
       
 -    ,           
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
 -      ,   ,     
                - 
     ,      
    ,       

, 
   
 ,   ,      
󽆪󽆫󽆬 
-    ,         
 ,   ,              - 
  
 
-
7.            
:       
         
;   ,  
              
               
     ,       '   
              
2.
    
     15  1912          
      ,  ,       
                 
     
      ,          
     
   ,  -  - 
     -     ,  
,  -           
           
        ,      
  ()          ,   
     ,         ,  
       
    
      
   ,       
              
        
  1940  1950    ,       
       -,      
              , 
           
   
                 
  ' 
     '  
    :
  '  ( )
        
 
( )  
2.
   - 
    '   
         ,       
    
   
               
      ,       
 
    :
1.       -  ,  
      
2. -              

3.  -       ,     
,   
   '  
4.    -   '   ,    
 
           
,     
 
    
           
1.     
         :
 
 
  
 
           
2.
2.   ' 
    '    ,     -  
  ,              
      
3.   
             
              
4.    
  ,    
 -      -    
       
  
 (1971,  )
          
           
 
  
    1974             
   ,     '       
,       :
   
    
    ,      

       
;        
  
      ,       
            ,   
2.
       ,    
       ,      
    
 -        
8.      
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌-
   ,  ()    
  
  
 
     
,    ()       
, ,           ,     
       
      "  " -     ( )
  ()            
                
󷙣󷙤󷙥   (   )
     '      
 
1.   (  )
            
             󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
   
 ,    ( )    , 
 
    
2.    (  )
       
        ,    ()  
   ()  󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  , -    
     
3.    (  )
     ()      -   , ,
, ,   
  ,     
2.
4.   (  )
   
 -      
      ' , ,     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,      ;   ,    
   
5.   (  )
  ()   
      ,   ,  
   
6.    (  )
     ,  ,       
     
7.     
    ,       
 ,  ,   -    
 
󷙣󷙤󷙥   (   )
    '      
1.   ( )
             
    
        
2.    (  )
             
 
       
3.   (  )
-           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:      (      )  
  
4.    (  )
2.
     '      
    
,     
5.    (  )
   ,     ,    , 
    
6.  ()
    
 ,     
    ,    
7.    
      
  , ,       
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
  
 ,   -     -      
 
 ,         
 
 ,     
        
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,              
 
 ,       
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
             
, 
 ,        
 ():   , ,  , , , , 
 ():  ,   ,  ,   , 
, , 
         ,        
         
󽆪󽆫󽆬 
2.
        , ,  
         , ,    
       -       
 ,
          
"              
 
       ,       
 "